Genome-wide association studies suggest that APOL1-environment interactions more likely trigger kidney disease in African Americans with nondiabetic nephropathy than strong APOL1-second gene interactions.
Langefeld CD, Comeau ME, Ng MCY, Guan M, Dimitrov L, Mudgal P, Spainhour MH, Julian BA, Edberg JC, Croker JA, Divers J, Hicks PJ, Bowden DW, Chan GC, Ma L, Palmer ND, Kimberly RP, Freedman BI. Genome-wide association studies suggest that APOL1-environment interactions more likely trigger kidney disease in African Americans with nondiabetic nephropathy than strong APOL1-second gene interactions. Kidney Int. 2018 09; 94(3):599-607.