Clinical criteria for the definition of refractory septic shock: a joint Delphi consensus from the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM).
Leone M, Myatra SN, Dugar S, Wieruszewski PM, Russell L, Evans L, Delamarre L, Sharif S, Chew MS, Gong MN, Hernández G, Schorr C, Lakbar I, Smith SE, Martin-Loeches I, Annane D, Balik M, Cecconi M, De Backer D, Donadello K, Dünser MW, Einav S, Ferrer R, Juffermans N, Hamzaoui O, Landoni G, Levy B, McKenzie C, Monnet X, Ostermann M, Spies C, Singer M, Theodorakopulou M, Topeli A, Barreto E, Bauer SR, Busse LW, Coopersmith CM, Deutschman C, Holder AL, Kamaleswaran R, Legrand M, Martin GS, Maves RC, Nazer L, Nunnally ME, Prescott HC, Rincon T, Sacha GL, Seymour CW, Arabi YM, Besen BAMP, Cavalcanti AB, Deane AM, Finfer S, Hammond N, Ibarra-Estrada M, Kattan E, Kotani Y, Machado FR, Ospina-Tascón GA, Mer M, Young PJ, Rochwerg B, Khanna AK. Clinical criteria for the definition of refractory septic shock: a joint Delphi consensus from the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Intensive Care Med. 2026 Mar 24.