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Rajeev Dhupar

TitleAssociate Professor
InstitutionWake Forest School of Medicine
DepartmentCardiothoracic Surgery
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    Other Positions
    TitleAssociate Professor
    InstitutionWake Forest School of Medicine
    DepartmentCancer Biology


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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Pu L, Dhupar R, Meng X. Reply to Okura et al. Comment on "Pu et al. Predicting Postoperative Lung Cancer Recurrence and Survival Using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression and Machine Learning. Cancers 2025, 17, 33". Cancers (Basel). 2025 Feb 21; 17(5). PMID: 40075575.
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    2. Pu L, Dhupar R, Meng X. Predicting Postoperative Lung Cancer Recurrence and Survival Using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression and Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel). 2024 Dec 26; 17(1). PMID: 39796664.
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    3. Dhupar R, Powers AA, Eisenberg SH, Gemmill RM, Bardawil CE, Udoh HM, Cubitt A, Nangle LA, Soloff AC. Orchestrating Resilience: How Neuropilin-2 and Macrophages Contribute to Cardiothoracic Disease. J Clin Med. 2024 Mar 01; 13(5). PMID: 38592275.
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    4. Hall DE, Youk A, Allsup K, Kennedy K, Byard TD, Dhupar R, Chu D, Rahman AM, Wilson M,Cahalin LP, Afilalo J, Forman DE. Preoperative Rehabilitation Is Feasible in the Weeks Prior to Surgery and Significantly Improves Functional Performance. The Journal of Frailty and Aging. 2023; 12(4):267-276. View Publication.
    5. Ren S, Beeche CA, Iyer K, Shi Z, Auster Q, Hawkins JM, Leader JK, Dhupar R, Pu J. Graphical modeling of causal factors associated with the postoperative survival of esophageal cancer subjects. Med Phys. 2024 Mar; 51(3):1997-2006. PMID: 37523254.
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    6. Iyer K, Ren S, Pu L, Mazur S, Zhao X, Dhupar R, Pu J. A Graph-Based Approach to Identify Factors Contributing to Postoperative Lung Cancer Recurrence among Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jul 03; 15(13). PMID: 37444581.
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    7. Gezer NS, Bandos AI, Beeche CA, Leader JK, Dhupar R, Pu J. CT-derived body composition associated with lung cancer recurrence after surgery. Lung Cancer. 2023 May; 179:107189. PMID: 37058786.
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    8. Iyer K, Beeche CA, Gezer NS, Leader JK, Ren S, Dhupar R, Pu J. CT-Derived Body Composition Is a Predictor of Survival after Esophagectomy. J Clin Med. 2023 Mar 08; 12(6). PMID: 36983109.
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    9. Gong MF, Li WT, Bhogal S, Royes B, Heim T, Silvaggio M, Malek M, Dhupar R, Lee SJ, McGough RL, Weiss KR. Intraoperative Evaluation of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Surgical Margins with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jan 18; 15(3). PMID: 36765538.
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    10. Deng H, Habib A, Andrews EG, Zhang X, McCarthy DJ, Wei Z, Dhupar R, Choudry MH, Zinn PO. Combined exploratory laparotomy, transpsoas, and thoracic approach to resection of a giant spinal ganglioneuroma: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2023 Jan 09; 5(2). PMID: 36624632.
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    11. Hall DE, Youk A, Allsup K, Kennedy K, Byard TD, Dhupar R, Chu D, Rahman AM, Wilson M, Cahalin LP, Afilalo J, Forman DE. Preoperative Rehabilitation Is Feasible in the Weeks Prior to Surgery and Significantly Improves Functional Performance. J Frailty Aging. 2023; 12(4):267-276. PMID: 38008976.
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    12. Ekeke CN, Kuiper GM, Luketich JD, Ruppert KM, Copelli SJ, Baker N, Levy RM, Awais O, Christie NA, Dhupar R, Pennathur A, Sarkaria IS. Comparison of robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy versus minimally invasive esophagectomy: A propensity-matched study from a single high-volume institution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023 Aug; 166(2):374-382.e1. PMID: 36732144.
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    13. Alicuben ET, Levesque RL, Ashraf SF, Christie NA, Awais O, Sarkaria IS, Dhupar R. State of the Art in Lung Nodule Localization. J Clin Med. 2022 Oct 26; 11(21). PMID: 36362543.
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    14. Beeche C, Gezer NS, Iyer K, Almetwali O, Yu J, Zhang Y, Dhupar R, Leader JK, Pu J. Assessing retinal vein occlusion based on color fundus photographs using neural understanding network (NUN). Med Phys. 2023 Jan; 50(1):449-464. PMID: 36184848.
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    15. Hlavin C, Muluk S, Muluk V, Ryan J, Wagner J, Dhupar R. A Program to Reduce Post-Operative Opioid Prescribing at a Veteran's Affairs Hospital. J Clin Med. 2022 Sep 16; 11(18). PMID: 36143098.
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    16. Pu L, Gezer NS, Ashraf SF, Ocak I, Dresser DE, Dhupar R. Automated segmentation of five different body tissues on computed tomography using deep learning. Med Phys. 2023 Jan; 50(1):178-191. PMID: 36008356.
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    17. Pu L, Ashraf SF, Gezer NS, Ocak I, Dresser DE, Leader JK, Dhupar R. Estimating 3-D whole-body composition from a chest CT scan. Med Phys. 2022 Nov; 49(11):7108-7117. PMID: 35737963.
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    18. Dhupar R, Jones KE, Powers AA, Eisenberg SH, Ding K, Chen F, Nasarre C, Cen Z, Gong YN, LaRue AC, Yeh ES, Luketich JD, Lee AV, Oesterreich S, Lotze MT, Gemmill RM, Soloff AC. Isoforms of Neuropilin-2 Denote Unique Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Breast Cancer. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:830169. PMID: 35651620.
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    19. Joubert KD, Okusanya OT, Mazur S, Ryan JP, Ekeke CN, Schuchert MJ, Soloff AC, Dhupar R. Prognostic Difference of Pleural versus Distant Metastasis after Surgery for Lung Cancer. J Clin Med. 2021 Oct 22; 10(21). PMID: 34768370.
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    20. Ekeke CN, Vercauteren M, Istvaniczdravkovic S, Semaan R, Dhupar R. Lung Nodule Evaluation Using Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy at a Veteran's Affairs Hospital. J Clin Med. 2021 Aug 19; 10(16). PMID: 34441966.
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    21. Powers AA, Jones KE, Eisenberg SH, Rigatti LH, Ryan JP, Luketich JD, Lotze MT, LaRue AC, Dhupar R, Soloff AC. Experimental respiratory exposure to putative Gulf War toxins promotes persistent alveolar macrophage recruitment and pulmonary inflammation. Life Sci. 2021 Oct 01; 282:119839. PMID: 34293400.
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    22. Huckaby LV, Cyr AR, Handzel RM, Littleton EB, Crist LR, Luketich JD, Lee KK, Dhupar R. Postprocedural Cognitive Load Measurement With Immediate Feedback to Guide Curriculum Development. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022 Apr; 113(4):1370-1377. PMID: 34214548.
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    23. Lotze MT, Dhupar R. ASO Author Reflection: Viruses, the Lung, and Thoracic Neoplasms: Breaking Bad. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021 May; 28(5):2728-2729. PMID: 33665712.
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    24. Ashraf SF, Yin K, Meng CX, Wang Q, Wang Q, Pu J, Dhupar R. Predicting benign, preinvasive, and invasive lung nodules on computed tomography scans using machine learning. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Apr; 163(4):1496-1505.e10. PMID: 33726909.
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    25. Ekeke CN, Russell KL, Joubert K, Bartlett DL, Luketich JD, Soloff AC, Guo ZS, Lotze MT, Dhupar R. Fighting Fire With Fire: Oncolytic Virotherapy for Thoracic Malignancies. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021 May; 28(5):2715-2727. PMID: 33575873.
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    26. Abdallah HM, Martinez-Meehan D, Lutfi W, Dhupar R, Grenda T, Schuchert MJ, Christie NA, Luketich JD, Okusanya OT. Adjuvant chemotherapy for pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 May; 163(5):1669-1681.e3. PMID: 33678508.
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    27. Ekeke CN, Russell KL, Murthy P, Guo ZS, Soloff AC, Weber D, Pan W, Lotze MT, Dhupar R. Intrapleural interleukin-2-expressing oncolytic virotherapy enhances acute antitumor effects and T-cell receptor diversity in malignant pleural disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Apr; 163(4):e313-e328. PMID: 33485667.
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    28. Martinez-Meehan D, Abdallah H, Lutfi W, Dhupar R, Christie N, Luketich JD, Sultan I, Okusanya OT. Racial Disparity in Surgical Therapy for Thymic Malignancies. Chest. 2021 May; 159(5):2050-2059. PMID: 33301745.
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    29. Ekeke CN, Mitchell C, Schuchert M, Dhupar R, Luketich JD, Okusanya OT. Early Distant Recurrence in Patients With Resected Stage I Lung Cancer: A Case Series of "Blast Metastasis". Clin Lung Cancer. 2021 Jan; 22(1):e132-e135. PMID: 33144072.
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    30. Lutfi W, Martinez-Meehan D, Sultan I, Evans N, Dhupar R, Luketich JD, Christie NA, Okusanya OT. Racial disparities in local therapy for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Dec; 122(8):1815-1820. PMID: 32926750.
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    31. Okusanya O, Bartow A, Aranda-Michel E, Kinnunen A, Schuchert M, Kilic A, Sanchez P, Dhupar R, Luketich J, Sultan I. Resident perception of standardization and credentialing for high-risk bedside procedures in cardiothoracic surgery: Results from an institutional pilot study. J Card Surg. 2020 Nov; 35(11):2902-2907. PMID: 32906194.
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    32. Soloff AC, Jones KE, Powers AA, Murthy P, Wang Y, Russell KL, Byrne-Steele M, Lund AW, Yuan JM, Monaco SE, Han J, Dhupar R, Lotze MT. HMGB1 Promotes Myeloid Egress and Limits Lymphatic Clearance of Malignant Pleural Effusions. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:2027. PMID: 33013860.
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    33. Dhupar R, Okusanya OT, Eisenberg SH, Monaco SE, Ruffin AT, Liu D, Luketich JD, Kammula US, Bruno TC, Lotze MT, Soloff AC. Characteristics of Malignant Pleural Effusion Resident CD8+ T Cells from a Heterogeneous Collection of Tumors. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 27; 21(17). PMID: 32867034.
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    34. Pommerening MJ, Landau A, Hrebinko K, Luketich JD, Dhupar R. An analysis of analgesia and opioid prescribing for veterans after thoracic surgery. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 09; 10(1):11348. PMID: 32647373.
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    35. Martinez-Meehan D, Lutfi W, Dhupar R, Christie N, Baker N, Schuchert M, Luketich JD, Okusanya OT. Factors Associated With Survival in Complete Pathologic Response Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2020 Jul; 21(4):349-356. PMID: 32299769.
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    36. Ekeke CN, Chan EG, Luketich JD, Dhupar R. Delayed Chylothorax during Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma with a Malignant Pleural Effusion. Case Rep Surg. 2020; 2020:2893942. PMID: 32158584.
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    37. Lutfi W, Martinez-Meehan D, Dhupar R, Christie N, Sarkaria I, Ekeke C, Baker N, Luketich JD, Okusanya OT. Higher lymph node harvest in patients with a pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer is associated with improved survival. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Mar; 121(4):654-661. PMID: 31970776.
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    38. Okusanya OT, Lutfi W, Baker N, Dhupar R, Christie NA, Levy RM, Martinez-Meehan D, Siripong N, Luketich JD, Sarkaria IS. The association of robotic lobectomy volume and nodal upstaging in non-small cell lung cancer. J Robot Surg. 2020 Oct; 14(5):709-715. PMID: 31950332.
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    39. Shinall MC, Arya S, Youk A, Varley P, Shah R, Massarweh NN, Shireman PK, Johanning JM, Brown AJ, Christie NA, Crist L, Curtin CM, Drolet BC, Dhupar R, Griffin J, Ibinson JW, Johnson JT, Kinney S, LaGrange C, Langerman A, Loyd GE, Mady LJ, Mott MP, Patri M, Siebler JC, Stimson CJ, Thorell WE, Vincent SA, Hall DE. Association of Preoperative Patient Frailty and Operative Stress With Postoperative Mortality. JAMA Surg. 2020 Jan 01; 155(1):e194620. PMID: 31721994.
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    40. Dhupar R, Luketich JD. Commentary: Esophageal cancer-a story for the ages? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Jan; 159(1):329. PMID: 31706559.
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    41. Lutfi W, Schuchert MJ, Dhupar R, Sarkaria I, Christie NA, Yang CJ, Deng JZ, Luketich JD, Okusanya OT. Sublobar resection is associated with decreased survival for patients with early stage large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2019 Oct 01; 29(4):517-524. PMID: 31177277.
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    42. Donnenberg AD, Luketich JD, Dhupar R, Donnenberg VS. Treatment of malignant pleural effusions: the case for localized immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Apr 18; 7(1):110. PMID: 30999958.
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    43. Lutfi W, Schuchert MJ, Dhupar R, Ekeke C, Sarkaria IS, Christie NA, Luketich JD, Okusanya OT. Node-Positive Segmentectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Risk Factors and Outcomes. Clin Lung Cancer. 2019 Jul; 20(4):e463-e469. PMID: 31031205.
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    44. Murthy P, Ekeke CN, Russell KL, Butler SC, Wang Y, Luketich JD, Soloff AC, Dhupar R, Lotze MT. Making cold malignant pleural effusions hot: driving novel immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology. 2019; 8(4):e1554969. PMID: 30906651.
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    45. Nelson DB, Dhupar R, Katkhuda R, Correa A, Goltsov A, Maru D, Sepesi B, Antonoff MB, Mehran RJ, Rice DC, Vaporciyan AA, Davila M, Davila R, Betancourt S, Ajani J, Hofstetter WL. Outcomes after endoscopic mucosal resection or esophagectomy for submucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Jul; 156(1):406-413.e3. PMID: 29605441.
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    46. Dhupar R, Van Der Kraak L, Pennathur A, Schuchert MJ, Nason KS, Luketich JD, Lotze MT. Targeting Immune Checkpoints in Esophageal Cancer: A High Mutational Load Tumor. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017 Apr; 103(4):1340-1349. PMID: 28359471.
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    47. Van Der Kraak L, Goel G, Ramanan K, Kaltenmeier C, Zhang L, Normolle DP, Freeman GJ, Tang D, Nason KS, Davison JM, Luketich JD, Dhupar R, Lotze MT. 5-Fluorouracil upregulates cell surface B7-H1 (PD-L1) expression in gastrointestinal cancers. J Immunother Cancer. 2016; 4:65. PMID: 27777774.
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    48. Dhupar R, Rice RD, Correa AM, Weston BR, Bhutani MS, Maru DM, Betancourt SL, Rice DC, Swisher SG, Hofstetter WL. Endoscopic Ultrasound Estimates for Tumor Depth at the Gastroesophageal Junction Are Inaccurate: Implications for the Liberal Use of Endoscopic Resection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015 Nov; 100(5):1812-6. PMID: 26233274.
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    49. Dhupar R, Correa AM, Ajani J, Betancourt S, Mehran RJ, Swisher SG, Hofstetter WL. Concordance of studies for nodal staging is prognostic for worse survival in esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus. 2014; 27(8):770-6. PMID: 24152134.
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    50. Weksler B, Dhupar R, Parikh V, Nason KS, Pennathur A, Ferson PF. Thymic carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predictive of survival in 290 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013 Jan; 95(1):299-303. PMID: 23141529.
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    51. Klune JR, Dhupar R, Kimura S, Ueki S, Cardinal J, Nakao A, Nace G, Evankovich J, Murase N, Tsung A, Geller DA. Interferon regulatory factor-2 is protective against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012 Sep 01; 303(5):G666-73. PMID: 22744333.
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    52. Dhupar R, Evankovich J, Ochoa JB, Vargas LG, Hughes SJ. Outcomes of operative management of appendicitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2012 Jun; 13(3):141-6. PMID: 22568920.
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    53. Dhupar R, Evankovich J, Klune JR, Vargas LG, Hughes SJ. Delayed operating room availability significantly impacts the total hospital costs of an urgent surgical procedure. Surgery. 2011 Aug; 150(2):299-305. PMID: 21801967.
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    54. Namas RA, Metukuri MR, Dhupar R, Velosa C, Jefferson BS, Myer E, Constantine GM, Billiar TR, Vodovotz Y, Zamora R. Hypoxia-induced overexpression of BNIP3 is not dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor 1a in mouse hepatocytes. Shock. 2011 Aug; 36(2):196-202. PMID: 21558981.
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    55. Dhupar R, Klune JR, Evankovich J, Cardinal J, Zhang M, Ross M, Murase N, Geller DA, Billiar TR, Tsung A. Interferon regulatory factor 1 mediates acetylation and release of high mobility group box 1 from hepatocytes during murine liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Shock. 2011 Mar; 35(3):293-301. PMID: 20856174.
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    56. Pennathur A, Qureshi I, Schuchert MJ, Dhupar R, Ferson PF, Gooding WE, Christie NA, Gilbert S, Shende M, Awais O, Greenberger JS, Landreneau RJ, Luketich JD. Comparison of surgical techniques for early-stage thymoma: feasibility of minimally invasive thymectomy and comparison with open resection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011 Mar; 141(3):694-701. PMID: 21255798.
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    57. Evankovich J, Cho SW, Zhang R, Cardinal J, Dhupar R, Zhang L, Klune JR, Zlotnicki J, Billiar T, Tsung A. High mobility group box 1 release from hepatocytes during ischemia and reperfusion injury is mediated by decreased histone deacetylase activity. J Biol Chem. 2010 Dec 17; 285(51):39888-97. PMID: 20937823.
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    58. Cao Z, Dhupar R, Cai C, Li P, Billiar TR, Geller DA. A critical role for IFN regulatory factor 1 in NKT cell-mediated liver injury induced by alpha-galactosylceramide. J Immunol. 2010 Aug 15; 185(4):2536-43. PMID: 20624945.
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    59. Ueki S, Dhupar R, Cardinal J, Tsung A, Yoshida J, Ozaki KS, Klune JR, Murase N, Geller DA. Critical role of interferon regulatory factor-1 in murine liver transplant ischemia reperfusion injury. Hepatology. 2010 May; 51(5):1692-701. PMID: 20131404.
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    60. Dhupar R, Gulack B, Geller DA, Marsh JW, Gamblin TC. The changing presentation of choledochal cyst disease: an incidental diagnosis. HPB Surg. 2009; 2009:103739. PMID: 19841688.
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    61. Pan P, Cardinal J, Dhupar R, Rosengart MR, Lotze MT, Geller DA, Billiar TR, Tsung A. Low-dose cisplatin administration in murine cecal ligation and puncture prevents the systemic release of HMGB1 and attenuates lethality. J Leukoc Biol. 2009 Sep; 86(3):625-32. PMID: 19487305.
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    62. Cardinal J, Pan P, Dhupar R, Ross M, Nakao A, Lotze M, Billiar T, Geller D, Tsung A. Cisplatin prevents high mobility group box 1 release and is protective in a murine model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Hepatology. 2009 Aug; 50(2):565-74. PMID: 19492424.
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    63. Zhan J, Nakao A, Sugimoto R, Dhupar R, Wang Y, Wang Z, Billiar TR, McCurry KR. Orally administered nitrite attenuates cardiac allograft rejection in rats. Surgery. 2009 Aug; 146(2):155-65. PMID: 19628069.
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    64. Kim KH, Dhupar R, Ueki S, Cardinal J, Pan P, Cao Z, Cho SW, Murase N, Tsung A, Geller DA. Donor graft interferon regulatory factor-1 gene transfer worsens liver transplant ischemia/reperfusion injury. Surgery. 2009 Aug; 146(2):181-9. PMID: 19628072.
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    65. Dhupar R, Smaldone GM, Hamad GG. Is there a benefit to delaying cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder disease during pregnancy? Surg Endosc. 2010 Jan; 24(1):108-12. PMID: 19517178.
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    66. Dhupar R, de Vera ME, Marsh JW, Fontes PA, Steel JL, Zeh HJ, Gamblin TC. Simultaneous pancreatectomy and liver transplantation: a single-institution experience. HPB (Oxford). 2009 May; 11(3):242-6. PMID: 19590654.
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    67. Metukuri MR, Beer-Stolz D, Namas RA, Dhupar R, Torres A, Loughran PA, Jefferson BS, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Vodovotz Y, Zamora R. Expression and subcellular localization of BNIP3 in hypoxic hepatocytes and liver stress. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Mar; 296(3):G499-509. PMID: 19147804.
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    68. Klune JR, Dhupar R, Cardinal J, Billiar TR, Tsung A. HMGB1: endogenous danger signaling. Mol Med. 2008; 14(7-8):476-84. PMID: 18431461.
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