Sickle cell trait is not independently associated with susceptibility to end-stage renal disease in African Americans.
Hicks PJ, Langefeld CD, Lu L, Bleyer AJ, Divers J, Nachman PH, Derebail VK, Bowden DW, Freedman BI. Sickle cell trait is not independently associated with susceptibility to end-stage renal disease in African Americans. Kidney Int. 2011 Dec; 80(12):1339-43.