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Allyn Howlett PhD

TitleProfessor
InstitutionWake Forest School of Medicine
DepartmentPlastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Address
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    Other Positions
    TitleProfessor
    InstitutionWake Forest School of Medicine
    DepartmentBiomedical Engineering

    TitleProfessor
    InstitutionWake Forest School of Medicine
    DepartmentPediatrics


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    R01NS016513     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)Sep 30, 1980 - Feb 29, 1988
    NIH
    ADENYLATE CYCLASE REGULATION IN NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    K04NS000868     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)Mar 1, 1984 - Feb 28, 1989
    NIH
    ADENYLATE CYCLASE REGULATION IN NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DA003690     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)Sep 1, 1984 - May 31, 2017
    NIH
    Cannabinoid Receptors in Neuronal Cells and Brain
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DA006312     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)Sep 30, 1989 - Aug 31, 2003
    NIH
    CANNABINOID RECEPTOR STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    K05DA000182     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)Aug 1, 1992 - Jun 30, 2007
    NIH
    CANNABIONOID RECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
    Role: Principal Investigator
    U24DA012385     (COLE, GREGORY JAY)Sep 30, 1998 - Jun 30, 2008
    NIH
    NIDA DRUG ABUSE RESEARCH COLLABORATION
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R13DA013402     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)May 10, 2000 - Mar 31, 2003
    NIH
    ICRS SYMPOSIUM ON THE CANNABINOIDS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R25GM066332     (POINTER, MILDRED AUDREY)Jul 10, 2002 - Jun 30, 2010
    NIH
    NCCU-WFU BIOMEDICAL BRIDGE TO THE Ph.D. PARTNERSHIP
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R21DA025321     (SELLEY, DANA E)Apr 10, 2009 - Feb 28, 2013
    NIH
    CB1 Receptor Regulation by Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein CRIP1a
    Role: Principal Investigator
    K12GM102773     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)Sep 1, 2013 - Jun 30, 2020
    NIH
    Postdoctoral Research, Instruction, and Mentoring Experience (PRIME)
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DA042157     (HOWLETT, ALLYN C)Aug 15, 2017 - Jun 30, 2022
    NIH
    Cannabinoid receptors and associated proteins
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Kozakiewicz ML, Zhang J, Leone-Kabler S, Yamaleyeva LM, McDonald AG, Brost BC, Howlett AC. Differential Expression of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a in Labor. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2021 Apr 16. PMID: 33998898.
      Citations:    
    2. Keegan BM, Dreitzler AL, Sexton T, Beveridge TJR, Smith HR, Miller MD, Blough BE, Porrino LJ, Childers SR, Howlett AC. Chronic phenmetrazine treatment promotes D2 dopaminergic and a2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and alters phosphorylation of signaling proteins and local cerebral glucose metabolism in the rat brain. Brain Res. 2021 Feb 23; 1761:147387. PMID: 33631209.
      Citations:    
    3. Oliver EE, Hughes EK, Puckett MK, Chen R, Lowther WT, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a) in Health and Disease. Biomolecules. 2020 11 27; 10(12). PMID: 33261012.
      Citations:    
    4. Burgos-Aguilar C, Ferris MJ, Sexton LL, Sun H, Xiao R, Chen R, Childers SR, Howlett AC. Metabotropic glutamate 2,3 receptor stimulation desensitizes agonist activation of G-protein signaling and alters transcription regulators in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. Synapse. 2021 Apr; 75(4):e22190. PMID: 33025628.
      Citations:    
    5. Lyons EL, Leone-Kabler S, Kovach AL, Thomas BF, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid receptor subtype influence on neuritogenesis in human SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2020 12; 109:103566. PMID: 33049367.
      Citations:    
    6. Schurman LD, Lu D, Kendall DA, Howlett AC, Lichtman AH. Molecular Mechanism and Cannabinoid Pharmacology. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2020; 258:323-353. PMID: 32236882.
      Citations:    
    7. Singh P, Ganjiwale A, Howlett AC, Cowsik SM. Molecular Interaction between Distal C-Terminal Domain of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Proteins (CRIP1a/CRIP1b). J Chem Inf Model. 2019 12 23; 59(12):5294-5303. PMID: 31769975.
      Citations:    
    8. Booth WT, Walker NB, Lowther WT, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a): Function and Structure. Molecules. 2019 Oct 12; 24(20). PMID: 31614728.
      Citations:    
    9. Fatima H, Howlett AC, Whitlow CT. Reward, Control & Decision-Making in Cannabis Use Disorder: Insights from Functional MRI. Br J Radiol. 2019 Sep; 92(1101):20190165. PMID: 31364398.
      Citations:    
    10. Horton KA, Goonawardena AV, Sesay J, Howlett AC, Hampson RE. Systemic Blockade of the CB1 Receptor Augments Hippocampal Gene Expression Involved in Synaptic Plasticity but Perturbs Hippocampus-Dependent Learning Task. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2019; 4(1):33-41. PMID: 31032421.
      Citations:    
    11. Eldeeb K, Ganjiwale AD, Chandrashekaran IR, Padgett LW, Burgess J, Howlett AC, Cowsik SM. CB1 cannabinoid receptor-phosphorylated fourth intracellular loop structure-function relationships. Pept Sci (Hoboken). 2019 Jul; 111(4). PMID: 32411924.
      Citations:    
    12. Ilyasov AA, Milligan CE, Pharr EP, Howlett AC. The Endocannabinoid System and Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease. Front Neurosci. 2018; 12:733. PMID: 30416422.
      Citations:    
    13. Singh P, Ganjiwale A, Howlett AC, Cowsik SM. In silico interaction analysis of cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1b (CRIP1b) - CB1 cannabinoid receptor. J Mol Graph Model. 2017 10; 77:311-321. PMID: 28918320.
      Citations:    
    14. Eldeeb K, Leone-Kabler S, Howlett AC. Mouse Neuroblastoma CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor-Stimulated [35S]GTP?S Binding: Total and Antibody-Targeted Ga Protein-Specific Scintillation Proximity Assays. Methods Enzymol. 2017; 593:1-21. PMID: 28750799.
      Citations:    
    15. Howlett AC, Abood ME. CB1 and CB2 Receptor Pharmacology. Adv Pharmacol. 2017; 80:169-206. PMID: 28826534.
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    16. Budygin EA, Oleson EB, Lee YB, Blume LC, Bruno MJ, Howlett AC, Thompson AC, Bass CE. Acute Depletion of D2 Receptors from the Rat Substantia Nigra Alters Dopamine Kinetics in the Dorsal Striatum and Drug Responsivity. Front Behav Neurosci. 2016; 10:248. PMID: 28154530.
      Citations:    
    17. Blume LC, Leone-Kabler S, Luessen DJ, Marrs GS, Lyons E, Bass CE, Chen R, Selley DE, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid receptor interacting protein suppresses agonist-driven CB1 receptor internalization and regulates receptor replenishment in an agonist-biased manner. J Neurochem. 2016 11; 139(3):396-407. PMID: 27513693.
      Citations:    
    18. Luessen DJ, Hinshaw TP, Sun H, Howlett AC, Marrs G, McCool BA, Chen R. RGS2 modulates the activity and internalization of dopamine D2 receptors in neuroblastoma N2A cells. Neuropharmacology. 2016 11; 110(Pt A):297-307. PMID: 27528587.
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    19. Schaich CL, Grabenauer M, Thomas BF, Shaltout HA, Gallagher PE, Howlett AC, Diz DI. Medullary Endocannabinoids Contribute to the Differential Resting Baroreflex Sensitivity in Rats with Altered Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Expression. Front Physiol. 2016; 7:207. PMID: 27375489.
      Citations:    
    20. Eldeeb K, Leone-Kabler S, Howlett AC. CB1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated increases in cyclic AMP accumulation are correlated with reduced Gi/o function. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 May 01; 27(3):311-22. PMID: 27089415.
      Citations:    
    21. Sunwook K, Nussbaum MA, Quandt SA, Laurienti PJ, Arcury TA. Effects of Lifetime Occupational Pesticide Exposure on Postural Control Among Farmworkers and Non-Farmworkers. J Occup Environ Med. 2016 Feb; 58(2):133-9. PMID: 32655375.
      Citations:    
    22. Gwathmey TM, Tallant EA, Howlett AC, Diz DI. Programs to Recruit and Retain a More Diverse Workforce in Biomedical Sciences Research. J Best Pract Health Prof Divers. 2016; 9(1):1188-1194. PMID: 28868526.
      Citations:    
    23. Lane M, Bell R, Latham-Sadler B, Bradley C, Foxworth J, Smith N, Millar AL, Hairston KG, Roper B, Howlett A. Translational Research Training at Various Levels of Professional Experience to Address Health Disparities. J Best Pract Health Prof Divers. 2016; 9(1):1178-1187. PMID: 28804792.
      Citations:    
    24. Sesay JS, Gyapong RN, Najafi LT, Kabler SL, Diz DI, Howlett AC, Awumey EM. Gai/o-dependent Ca(2+) mobilization and Gaq-dependent PKCa regulation of Ca(2+)-sensing receptor-mediated responses in N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int. 2015 Nov; 90:142-51. PMID: 26190181.
      Citations:    
    25. Schaich CL, Shaltout HA, Grabenauer M, Thomas BF, Gallagher PE, Howlett AC, Diz DI. Alterations in the Medullary Endocannabinoid System Contribute to Age-related Impairment of Baroreflex Sensitivity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2015 May; 65(5):473-9. PMID: 25636077.
      Citations:    
    26. Conner-Kerr T, Malpass G, Steele A, Howlett A. Effects of 35 kHz, low-frequency ultrasound application in vitro on human fibroblast morphology and migration patterns. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2015 Mar; 61(3):34-41. PMID: 25751849.
      Citations:    
    27. Keegan BM, Beveridge TJ, Pezor JJ, Xiao R, Sexton T, Childers SR, Howlett AC. Chronic baclofen desensitizes GABA(B)-mediated G-protein activation and stimulates phosphorylation of kinases in mesocorticolimbic rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2015 Aug; 95:492-502. PMID: 25724082.
      Citations:    
    28. Smith TH, Blume LC, Straiker A, Cox JO, David BG, McVoy JR, Sayers KW, Poklis JL, Abdullah RA, Egertová M, Chen CK, Mackie K, Elphick MR, Howlett AC, Selley DE. Cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1a modulates CB1 receptor signaling and regulation. Mol Pharmacol. 2015 Apr; 87(4):747-65. PMID: 25657338.
      Citations:    
    29. Blume LC, Eldeeb K, Bass CE, Selley DE, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid receptor interacting protein (CRIP1a) attenuates CB1R signaling in neuronal cells. Cell Signal. 2015 Mar; 27(3):716-726. PMID: 25446256.
      Citations:    
    30. Mechoulam R, Hanuš LO, Pertwee R, Howlett AC. Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014 11; 15(11):757-64. PMID: 25315390.
      Citations:    
    31. Schaich CL, Shaltout HA, Brosnihan KB, Howlett AC, Diz DI. Acute and chronic systemic CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade improves blood pressure regulation and metabolic profile in hypertensive (mRen2)27 rats. Physiol Rep. 2014 Aug 01; 2(8). PMID: 25168868.
      Citations:    
    32. Pulgar VM, Yamaleyeva LM, Varagic J, McGee CM, Bader M, Dechend R, Howlett AC, Brosnihan KB. Increased angiotensin II contraction of the uterine artery at early gestation in a transgenic model of hypertensive pregnancy is reduced by inhibition of endocannabinoid hydrolysis. Hypertension. 2014 Sep; 64(3):619-25. PMID: 24935942.
      Citations:    
    33. Malpass GE, Arimilli S, Prasad GL, Howlett AC. Regulation of gene expression by tobacco product preparations in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Sep 01; 279(2):211-9. PMID: 24927667.
      Citations:    
    34. Calipari ES, Sun H, Eldeeb K, Luessen DJ, Feng X, Howlett AC, Jones SR, Chen R. Amphetamine self-administration attenuates dopamine D2 autoreceptor function. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 Jul; 39(8):1833-42. PMID: 24513972.
      Citations:    
    35. Thomas G, Betters JL, Lord CC, Brown AL, Marshall S, Ferguson D, Sawyer J, Davis MA, Melchior JT, Blume LC, Howlett AC, Ivanova PT, Milne SB, Myers DS, Mrak I, Leber V, Heier C, Taschler U, Blankman JL, Cravatt BF, Lee RG, Crooke RM, Graham MJ, Zimmermann R, Brown HA, Brown JM. The serine hydrolase ABHD6 Is a critical regulator of the metabolic syndrome. Cell Rep. 2013 Oct 31; 5(2):508-20. PMID: 24095738.
      Citations:    
    36. Campeau L, Füllhase C, Sawada N, Gratzke C, Hedlund P, Howlett AC, Andersson KE. Characterization of bladder function in a cannabinoid receptor type 2 knockout mouse in vivo and in vitro. Neurourol Urodyn. 2014 Jun; 33(5):566-70. PMID: 23908133.
      Citations:    
    37. Malpass GE, Arimilli S, Prasad GL, Howlett AC. Complete artificial saliva alters expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Jul; 134(1):18-25. PMID: 23629517.
      Citations:    
    38. Dalton GD, Peterson LJ, Howlett AC. CB1 cannabinoid receptors promote maximal FAK catalytic activity by stimulating cooperative signaling between receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins in neuronal cells. Cell Signal. 2013 Aug; 25(8):1665-77. PMID: 23571270.
      Citations:    
    39. Blume LC, Bass CE, Childers SR, Dalton GD, Roberts DC, Richardson JM, Xiao R, Selley DE, Howlett AC. Striatal CB1 and D2 receptors regulate expression of each other, CRIP1A and d opioid systems. J Neurochem. 2013 Mar; 124(6):808-20. PMID: 23286559.
      Citations:    
    40. McQuail JA, Davis KN, Miller F, Hampson RE, Deadwyler SA, Howlett AC, Nicolle MM. Hippocampal Gaq/11 but not Gao-coupled receptors are altered in aging. Neuropharmacology. 2013 Jul; 70:63-73. PMID: 23347951.
      Citations:    
    41. Dalton GD, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors transactivate multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and regulate serine/threonine kinases to activate ERK in neuronal cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr; 165(8):2497-511. PMID: 21518335.
      Citations:    
    42. Oddi S, Dainese E, Sandiford S, Fezza F, Lanuti M, Chiurchiù V, Totaro A, Catanzaro G, Barcaroli D, De Laurenzi V, Centonze D, Mukhopadhyay S, Selent J, Howlett AC, Maccarrone M. Effects of palmitoylation of Cys(415) in helix 8 of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor on membrane localization and signalling. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr; 165(8):2635-51. PMID: 21895628.
      Citations:    
    43. Evans DW, Scott AT, Teasdall RD, Smith BP, Howlett A, Connor-Kerr T, Sparks JL. Mechanical properties of lower limb dermis following static and cyclic compression. Biomed Sci Instrum. 2012; 48:104-11. PMID: 22846271.
      Citations:    
    44. Howlett AC, Reggio PH, Childers SR, Hampson RE, Ulloa NM, Deutsch DG. Endocannabinoid tone versus constitutive activity of cannabinoid receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug; 163(7):1329-43. PMID: 21545414.
      Citations:    
    45. Skelly MJ, Guy EG, Howlett AC, Pratt WE. CB1 receptors modulate the intake of a sweetened-fat diet in response to µ-opioid receptor stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010 Nov; 97(1):144-51. PMID: 20562021.
      Citations:    
    46. Howlett AC, Blume LC, Dalton GD. CB(1) cannabinoid receptors and their associated proteins. Curr Med Chem. 2010; 17(14):1382-93. PMID: 20166926.
      Citations:    
    47. Dalton GD, Bass CE, Van Horn CG, Howlett AC. Signal transduction via cannabinoid receptors. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2009 Dec; 8(6):422-31. PMID: 19839935.
      Citations:    
    48. Carney ST, Lloyd ML, MacKinnon SE, Newton DC, Jones JD, Howlett AC, Norford DC. Cannabinoid regulation of nitric oxide synthase I (nNOS) in neuronal cells. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2009 Sep; 4(3):338-49. PMID: 19365734.
      Citations:    
    49. Gerald TM, Howlett AC, Ward GR, Ho C, Franklin SO. Gene expression of opioid and dopamine systems in mouse striatum: effects of CB1 receptors, age and sex. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Jul; 198(4):497-508. PMID: 18438728.
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    50. Padgett LW, Howlett AC, Shim JY. Binding mode prediction of conformationally restricted anandamide analogs within the CB1 receptor. J Mol Signal. 2008 Feb 26; 3:5. PMID: 18302793.
      Citations:    
    51. Niehaus JL, Liu Y, Wallis KT, Egertová M, Bhartur SG, Mukhopadhyay S, Shi S, He H, Selley DE, Howlett AC, Elphick MR, Lewis DL. CB1 cannabinoid receptor activity is modulated by the cannabinoid receptor interacting protein CRIP 1a. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Dec; 72(6):1557-66. PMID: 17895407.
      Citations:    
    52. Ward GR, Franklin SO, Gerald TM, Dempsey KT, Clodfelter DE, Krissinger DJ, Patel KM, Vrana KE, Howlett AC. Glucocorticoids plus opioids up-regulate genes that influence neuronal function. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2007 Aug; 27(5):651-60. PMID: 17554624.
      Citations:    
    53. Jones JD, Carney ST, Vrana KE, Norford DC, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid receptor-mediated translocation of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase and production of cyclic GMP in neuronal cells. Neuropharmacology. 2008 Jan; 54(1):23-30. PMID: 17707868.
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    54. Anavi-Goffer S, Fleischer D, Hurst DP, Lynch DL, Barnett-Norris J, Shi S, Lewis DL, Mukhopadhyay S, Howlett AC, Reggio PH, Abood ME. Helix 8 Leu in the CB1 cannabinoid receptor contributes to selective signal transduction mechanisms. J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 24; 282(34):25100-13. PMID: 17595161.
      Citations:    
    55. Grace CR, Cowsik SM, Shim JY, Welsh WJ, Howlett AC. Unique helical conformation of the fourth cytoplasmic loop of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in a negatively charged environment. J Struct Biol. 2007 Sep; 159(3):359-68. PMID: 17524664.
      Citations:    
    56. Stephens-Hernandez AB, Livingston JN, Dacons-Brock K, Craft HL, Cameron A, Franklin SO, Howlett AC. Drama-based education to motivate participation in substance abuse prevention. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2007 Apr 05; 2:11. PMID: 17411423.
      Citations:    
    57. McCollum L, Howlett AC, Mukhopadhyay S. Anandamide-mediated CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor--independent nitric oxide production in rabbit aortic endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jun; 321(3):930-7. PMID: 17379772.
      Citations:    
    58. Awumey EM, Howlett AC, Putney JW, Diz DI, Bukoski RD. Ca(2+) mobilization through dorsal root ganglion Ca(2+)-sensing receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells. . 2007 May; 292(5):C1895-905. PMID: 17267550.
      Citations:    
    59. Mukhopadhyay S, Das S, Williams EA, Moore D, Jones JD, Zahm DS, Ndengele MM, Lechner AJ, Howlett AC. Lipopolysaccharide and cyclic AMP regulation of CB(2) cannabinoid receptor levels in rat brain and mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Neuroimmunol. 2006 Dec; 181(1-2):82-92. PMID: 17045344.
      Citations:    
    60. Howlett AC, Mukhopadhyay S, Norford DC. Endocannabinoids and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in neuropathologies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2006 Sep; 1(3):305-16. PMID: 18040807.
      Citations:    
    61. Gerald TM, Ward GR, Howlett AC, Franklin SO. CB1 knockout mice display significant changes in striatal opioid peptide and D4 dopamine receptor gene expression. Brain Res. 2006 Jun 06; 1093(1):20-4. PMID: 16684513.
      Citations:    
    62. Shim JY, Howlett AC. WIN55212-2 docking to the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and multiple pathways for conformational induction. J Chem Inf Model. 2006 May-Jun; 46(3):1286-300. PMID: 16711748.
      Citations:    
    63. Howlett AC. A short guide to the nomenclature of seven-transmembrane spanning receptors for lipid mediators. Life Sci. 2005 Aug 19; 77(14):1522-30. PMID: 15953619.
      Citations:    
    64. Awumey EM, Howlett AC, Diz DI. Is there a role for anandamide in cardiovascular regulation? Insights from studies of endocannabinoid metabolism. . 2005 Aug; 289(2):H520-1. PMID: 16014613.
      Citations:    
    65. Mukhopadhyay S, Howlett AC. Chemically distinct ligands promote differential CB1 cannabinoid receptor-Gi protein interactions. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jun; 67(6):2016-24. PMID: 15749995.
      Citations:    
    66. Howlett AC. Efficacy in CB1 receptor-mediated signal transduction. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Aug; 142(8):1209-18. PMID: 15308578.
      Citations:    
    67. Shim JY, Howlett AC. Steric trigger as a mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor activation. J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2004 Jul-Aug; 44(4):1466-76. PMID: 15272855.
      Citations:    
    68. Howlett AC, Breivogel CS, Childers SR, Deadwyler SA, Hampson RE, Porrino LJ. Cannabinoid physiology and pharmacology: 30 years of progress. Neuropharmacology. 2004; 47 Suppl 1:345-58. PMID: 15464149.
      Citations:    
    69. Shim JY, Welsh WJ, Howlett AC. Homology model of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor: sites critical for nonclassical cannabinoid agonist interaction. Biopolymers. 2003; 71(2):169-89. PMID: 12767117.
      Citations:    
    70. Mukhopadhyay S, Shim JY, Assi AA, Norford D, Howlett AC. CB(1) cannabinoid receptor-G protein association: a possible mechanism for differential signaling. Chem Phys Lipids. 2002 Dec 31; 121(1-2):91-109. PMID: 12505694.
      Citations:    
    71. Howlett AC. The cannabinoid receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002 Aug; 68-69:619-31. PMID: 12432948.
      Citations:    
    72. Mukhopadhyay S, Chapnick BM, Howlett AC. Anandamide-induced vasorelaxation in rabbit aortic rings has two components: G protein dependent and independent. . 2002 Jun; 282(6):H2046-54. PMID: 12003810.
      Citations:    
    73. Shim JY, Welsh WJ, Cartier E, Edwards JL, Howlett AC. Molecular interaction of the antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide with the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. J Med Chem. 2002 Mar 28; 45(7):1447-59. PMID: 11906286.
      Citations:    
    74. Klein C, Sunahara RK, Hudson TY, Heyduk T, Howlett AC. Zinc inhibition of cAMP signaling. J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 05; 277(14):11859-65. PMID: 11805091.
      Citations:    
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