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The role of nicotine in smoking: a dual-reinforcement model.
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The role of nicotine in smoking: a dual-reinforcement model.
Caggiula AR, Donny EC, Palmatier MI, Liu X, Chaudhri N, Sved AF. The role of nicotine in smoking: a dual-reinforcement model. Nebr Symp Motiv. 2009; 55:91-109.
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subject areas
Animals
Association Learning
Cues
Disease Models, Animal
Ganglionic Stimulants
Humans
Motivation
Nicotine
Rats
Reward
Self Administration
Smoking
Smoking Cessation
Social Environment
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Tobacco Use Disorder